Irradiation, a process utilizing ionizing radiation, is a sophisticated method employed to extend the shelf life of various consumables such as food, grains, and medical supplies. Through controlled exposure to gamma rays, electron beams, or X-rays, irradiation targets pathogens, bacteria, and pests without altering the item's taste, appearance, or nutritional value. This technique disrupts the DNA of harmful microorganisms, effectively curbing their ability to multiply, thereby enhancing food safety and extending the viability of medical supplies.